communication 2
المحاضرة الثالثة
للدكتورة سهير عثمان عبد الحليم
للدكتورة سهير عثمان عبد الحليم
Maslow’s Pyramid
ملحوظة الاجابة علي الاسئلة بالانجليزية وليس العربية وكتابتنا هنا بالعربي للتوضيح فقط بالنجاح والتوفيق بأذن الله
سيتم نشر الكلمات والاسئلة التي قالت عنها الدكتورة سهير عثمان فور نزولها بأذن الله علي موقع المركز
}Basic Needs
}On the bottom level are the strongest needs we have “basic needs”.
}It is possible to satisfy the hunger need in part by other activities such as drinking water or smoking cigarettes.
} Until basic needs are met, we cannot concern ourselves with other, higher needs.
} They are too strong to be forgotten in favor of other needs.
}On the bottom level are the strongest needs we have “basic needs”.
}It is possible to satisfy the hunger need in part by other activities such as drinking water or smoking cigarettes.
} Until basic needs are met, we cannot concern ourselves with other, higher needs.
} They are too strong to be forgotten in favor of other needs.
قاعدة الهرم تمثل الاحتياجات الاساسية والتي يجب أشباعها أنك تأكل وتشرب وتعيش متوازن
Security needs
}The second level of Maslow’s pyramid contains our needs connected with security and safety.
} If the first set of needs is relatively gratification, then there emerges a new set categorized roughly as safety and security needs.
}If we feel that our job may end shortly, we have a strong need to get income security.
} We might want to get another more secure job, or we might want to save money for hard times.
}The second level of Maslow’s pyramid contains our needs connected with security and safety.
} If the first set of needs is relatively gratification, then there emerges a new set categorized roughly as safety and security needs.
}If we feel that our job may end shortly, we have a strong need to get income security.
} We might want to get another more secure job, or we might want to save money for hard times.
اذا تم اشباع المستوي الأول بشكل نسبي يظهر المستوي الثاني الاحتياج الي الأمن والأمان وذكرت مثالاً في حالة شعورك بفقدان وظيفتك فأنك تسعي لتأمين نفسك في هذه الأوقات ( طلع اللي تحت البلاطة )
Belonging Needs
}The third level of needs are belonging needs.
} We become aware of them once our security and safety needs are satisfied.
} Usually the individual seeks groups with which to fill this need.
}We continue to join groups throughout our lives, for this need is also a reemerging one.
}The third level of needs are belonging needs.
} We become aware of them once our security and safety needs are satisfied.
} Usually the individual seeks groups with which to fill this need.
}We continue to join groups throughout our lives, for this need is also a reemerging one.
وفي المستوي الثالث الحاجة الي الانتماء لان الفرد يسعي دائماً ان يكون في جماعة ويظل طوال حياته يسعي الي الانتماء
Love and esteem needs
}If the belonging needs are satisfied, we will start wanting other needs.
}This is level four of Maslow’s model, the need for love and esteem.
}As human beings we want to be wanted and valued. We are happy when our families understand and admire the things we do.
} However, this need is never fully satisfied, and we try to seek other circumstances in which we can achieve status and rank that will help meet our need for love and esteem by others.
}If the belonging needs are satisfied, we will start wanting other needs.
}This is level four of Maslow’s model, the need for love and esteem.
}As human beings we want to be wanted and valued. We are happy when our families understand and admire the things we do.
} However, this need is never fully satisfied, and we try to seek other circumstances in which we can achieve status and rank that will help meet our need for love and esteem by others.
الاحتياج للحب والأحترام في هذا المستوي يحتاج الأنسان ان يقدر ويفهم ونكون سعداء عندما يعجب الأهل والأصدقاء بما نقوم به وفي ظروف آخري قد نبحث عن من يقدمونا ذلك الا انه لايتم اشباعها وهي توازنات
Self Actualization
}Although this need is weaker than the other need levels, yet in some cases lower needs are displaced to fulfill the need for self-actualization.
} Some artists have gone cold and hungry just so they could continue painting or composing music.
} These persons define their self-actualization level as a basic need.
}To those artists, creative activity is as basic as breathing or eating or sleeping.
}Some of these needs are truth, goodness, beauty, individuality, perfection, and justice.
}Although this need is weaker than the other need levels, yet in some cases lower needs are displaced to fulfill the need for self-actualization.
} Some artists have gone cold and hungry just so they could continue painting or composing music.
} These persons define their self-actualization level as a basic need.
}To those artists, creative activity is as basic as breathing or eating or sleeping.
}Some of these needs are truth, goodness, beauty, individuality, perfection, and justice.
الاحتياج للحب والأحترام في هذا المستوي يحتاج الأنسان ان يقدر ويفهم ونكون سعداء عندما يعجب الأهل والأصدقاء بما نقوم به وفي ظروف آخري قد نبحث عن من يقدمونا ذلك الا انه لايتم اشباعها وهي توازنات
سؤال هرم ماسلو ( كتابة قصيرة عن الهرم من الأفضل رسم الهرم وكتابة سطر تحت كل احتياج من الاحتياجات الخمسة ) طبعا بالانجليزية
الجزء الثاني من المحاضرة
Listening
Skills مهارات الإنصات
Reading
Skills مهارات القراءة
Listening Skills
اهمية الإنصات الفعال
The
importance of Active Listening :
Means the search for the real meaning of the
message ,and we can focus on four listening categories (Types
of listening )
:
هناك 4 انواع من الإنصات
1. Selective Listening (e.g. TV) .
2. Comprehensive Listening (e.g.
Lecture) .
3. Critical Listening (e.g. for
analysis of speech) .
4. Appreciative Listening (e.g.
music) .
Types of listening
Selective Listening (e.g. TV) : الإنصات الانتقائي
When
you prepare yourself to select certain topics of your interest to concentrate
in listening to it avoiding other topics of less interest .
Comprehensive Listening (e.g.
Lecture) : الإنصات الشامل
This refers to listening with concentration to
information, opinion, emotions and feelings .
The comprehensive listening includes listening
to verbal and watching non-verbal clues of the presentation .
Critical Listening (e.g. for analysis
of speech) الإنصات النقدي
This
refers to listening with analyzing to the presentation in order to conclude
positive negative aspects of the presentation .
Appreciative Listening (e.g. music) : الإنصات بتقدير
This
type of listening is linked to type of information and the credibility of the
communicator where you
appreciate
the kind of information and the communicative skills of the communicator.
وانه في حالة السؤال عن هذا الجزء تكتب تحت كل نوع سطر واحد اجابة مختصر ( تشمل المضمون )
Guide to Good Listening :
دليل الأرشاد للانصات الجيد
1- Find
area of interest .
2- Judge content, not delivery .
3- Control Yourself .
4- Listen for ideas .
5- Be flexible .
6- Work at listening .
7- Resist distractions .
8- Keep your mind open
وهناك 8 عناصر وذكرت عند الاجابة علي هذا السؤال يجب كتابة 5 عناصر علي الأقل حتي تأخذ الدرجة كاملة
Reading Skills
Reading
is:
وفيما يخص مهارات القراءة قالت انه يجب ان نفرق بين المراحل والمستويات لأنها وجدت اننا لا نفرق بينهم
"A
process in which you use your different skills and stages to achieve an
understanding of the whole".
Reading
can teach you how to predict new ideas, activate existing knowledge ,relate old
information with new, form a main idea and make inferences .
هناك ثلاث مراحل ( قبل - أثناء - بعد ) القراءة
Stages of Reading
Before reading :
Preview to find out what the material is about, what you already know about the
topic, and what you need to find out while reading .
During reading : Anticipate upcoming information,
visualize and integrate old and new knowledge, and assess your own
understanding in order to make adjustments .
After reading :
Recall and react to what you have learned
Levels of Reading
Literal
مستويات القراءة ( الحرفية - التفسيرية - التطبيقية )
What
did the author say ?
These
are the details about the facts, and the ideas clearly stated within the
material .
This
is the beginning level of reading .
You might be able to answer detailed questions
but not the overall meaning of the passage .
Interpretive :
What did the author mean by what was said ?
To
answer you must interpret the facts along with the author attitude, using
meaning to make assumptions and draw conclusions .
At
this level, you are considering both what is stated and what is not stated in
order to figure out what the author wants to say .
Applied :
How
does the author message apply to other reflection and critical thinking?
These
questions are called for reaction .
وسيتم نشر الأسئلة والكلمات حال تنزيلها بأذن الله بالتوفيق والنجاح للجميع
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