الترجمة الإعلامية 2: بالصور حمل منهج جزء الدكتور محمد حسام الدين 4 قطع

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القطعة الأولي

Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan sign deal to end Nile dispute

Three African leaders have signed an initial deal to end a long-running dispute over the sharing of Nile waters and the building of Africa's biggest hydroelectric dam, in Ethiopia.

The leaders of Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan signed the agreement in Sudan's capital, Khartoum.

Egypt has opposed the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, saying it would worsen its water shortages. Ethiopia says the dam will give it a fairer share of Nile waters.

In 2013, Ethiopia's parliament ratified a controversial treaty to replace colonial-era agreements that gave Egypt and Sudan the biggest share of the Nile's water.

Egypt's then-President Mohamed Morsi said he did not want war but he would not allow Egypt's water supply to be endangered by the dam.

Mr Morsi's successor, Abdul Fattah al-Sisi signed the deal with Ethiopia's Prime Minister Halemariam Desalegn and Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir.

The three leaders welcomed the "declaration of principles" agreement in speeches in Khartoum's Republican Palace, and watched a short film about the Grand Renaissance Dam that highlighted how it could benefit the region, the Associated Press news agency reports.

Mr Halemariam said he wanted to give an assurance that the dam would "not cause any harm to downstream countries", Reuters news agency reports.

Mr Sisi said the project remained a source of concern to Egypt.

"The Renaissance Dam project represents a source of development for the millions of Ethiopia's citizens through producing green and sustainable energy, but for their brothers living on the banks of that very Nile in Egypt, and who approximately equal them in numbers, it represents a source of concern and worry," he said.

"This is because the Nile is their only source of water, in fact their source of life."

Ethiopia wants to replace a 1929 treaty written by Britain that awarded Egypt veto power over any project involving the Nile by upstream countries.

القطعة الثانية

Yemen conflict: Houthi rebels condemn UN arms embargo

Houthi rebels have condemned Tuesday's UN Security Council arms embargo imposed on them and their allies.

They called for protests against what they termed UN support of "aggression".

The Houthis have made rapid advances across the country, sparking air strikes on their strongholds by a Saudi-led coalition.

The UN says at least 736 people have been killed and 2,700 injured since 26 March, but officials believe the actual death toll may be far higher.

The Houthis' Supreme Revolutionary Committee "called on the masses of the Yemeni people to rally and protest on Thursday to condemn the Security Council resolution in support of the aggression".

Saudi Arabia's UN Ambassador, Abdallah al-Moualimi, said that the resolution was "a very clear endorsement" of the air strikes.

When asked about a possible ground offensive, he warned that the air strikes were a response to Houthi military action and if the Houthis failed to comply with the resolution, "they will continue to face more of the same".

The Egyptian presidency said on Tuesday that Egypt and Saudi Arabia had discussed holding a "major military manoeuvre" in Saudi Arabia with other Gulf States.

The sanctions also apply to key supporters, including former President Ali Abdullah Saleh and his eldest son Ahmed, a former commander of the elite Republican Guard force.

القطعة الثالثة

Iraq 'retakes over quarter of Islamic State territory'

Islamic State (IS) has lost more than a quarter of its territory in Iraq since the US-led coalition air campaign began in August, a Pentagon spokesman says.

Col Steve Warren said it was too early to say the tide was turning, but that air strikes and Iraqi ground forces had "unquestionably inflicted some damage".

IS took over swathes of Iraq and Syria last June.

The announcement came ahead of talks between Iraq's prime minister and US President Barack Obama in Washington.

Iraqi PM Haider al-Abadi wants the coalition to step up its air campaign against IS.

There has been a huge contrast between the lightning advances scored in Iraq by IS last summer, and the painfully slow process that has seen some of that ground recaptured.

IS militants have put up a fierce defensive struggle, and made advances a deadly affair. Because of that, each setback they have faced is significant even if some of lost territory is not as strategically important as Mosul Dam and Tikrit.

القطعة الرابعة

Egypt turns to technology in effort to protect ancient treasures from looters

The closest comparison is Swiss cheese: holes in vast swaths of land where looters, armed with machine guns and bulldozers, take to ancient archaeological sites in search of loot. To the untrained eye, these holes, visible in satellite images, seem haphazard. But to experts, these deep pits, spanning hectares of land, are the work of sophisticated traffickers.

It's exactly the kind of looting that worries Mohamed Ibrahim Ali, Egypt's minister of state for antiquities. "The objects that are stolen from museums are easier to track because they are registered," Ibrahim said, referring to artifacts taken from Egypt's Malawi National Museum and Egyptian Museum in Cairo, many of which have been identified and returned.

Looting isn't new. But today, more than three years since the Egyptian revolution, concern for a country dependent on historical tourism. And the confluence of economic, political and technological factors has made looting of ancient artifacts more problematic than ever. The ease of transport abroad, coupled with sky-high prices; make antiquities a sweet and easy target for organized thieves.

But stopping stolen objects from crossing US borders isn't the only option, experts say. Some worry that harsh restrictions will stop legal sales to museums. Others want to target looted objects at the source, and new technologies are putting the spotlight on the illicit trade long before items reach border control.

Vast swath مساحات شاسعة                 Looters ناهبو الآثار     

Antiquities                    الآثار          Traffickers المهربون     

Registered    مسجلة                          sky-high الخيالية