communication 2 - خلاصة جزء الدكتورة سماح المحمدي

خلاصة منهج الدكتورة سماح المحمدي يشمل المحاضرات الثلاثة من الرابعة الي السادسة  

تم الإعداد من خلال فريق عمل المدونة 

1.External stimuli:

-    outside the body are signaled to the body by one of the five senses of

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2.Sensory Impulses:

-   The message sent by the sensory organ (ear, eye, etc.) is a sensory impulse Thus, a message received from outside the body is first encoded as nerve impulses before it is decoded.

3.Physical sensations:

-   The mind converts the impulses into physical -    These physical sensations are the raw

4.Perception: Perception = decoding

it tends o select, or emphasis certain aspects - why messages sometimes are decoded to contain meaning which the sender didn’t intend

5.Knowledge Formation:

 The mind may store information as:

1.additional confirmation of knowledge of belief

2.or an additional dimension,

3.or a new information

7.The Rational products of perceptions: ( Rational =Beliefs )
Beliefs are the end product of perceptions process.

Belief is classified as:

a) Informational beliefs: are very easy to change

b) Descriptive beliefs: beliefs are harder to change because the person experienced them himself

c) Internal beliefs: They are the hardest to change

            8.The Emotional products of perceptions: Attitudes:   Emotional = Attitudes

Attitudes

§The scale of attitude varies from positive, neutral, or negative

They may be completely neutral about things that are unfamiliar or unimportant

Persuasion 

•Aristotle, was the first

communication with persuasion.

الإقناع 

• as all available means to reach persuasion

•Aristotle focused on three ways to reach persuasion:

•The use of evidence in rational discussion.

•The use of personal characteristics.

•The use of emotions 

•Definition of persuasion:

motive of the audience more than using logic

 “Persuasion is the conscious attempt

thought and action

the motives of men

•تعريف الإقناع 

•هناك العديد من التعريفات للإقناع فأكد البعض على الدوافع الداخلية للجمهور أكثر من استخدام المنطق وعرف أحد الخبراء الإقناع بأنه( محاولة واعية لتعديل الأفكار والأفعال عن طريق استغلال دوافع الإنسان لتحقيق أهداف محددة سلفاً.

 “The activity in which the speaker the listener are conjoined and in which the speaker consciously attempts to influence the behavior of the listener by transmitting audible and visible symbolic “

Definition of persuasion

we can define persuasion as:

• “The intended use of communication to form a desired response from receivers to their social environment”.

Elements of Persuasion:  عناصر الإقناع 

•We can underline five elements of persuasion: هناك خمسة عناصر للإقناع

•The invention or discovery of evidence and argument. الأدلة والحجج

•The organization of them. تنظيمهم

•The artistic stylizing of them. معالجتهم بأسلوب فني

•The memorization of them سهولة تذكرهم

•The skillful delivery of them. عرضهم بمهارة . .

The persuasive communication Model

نموذج الاتصال الإقناعي

The persuasive communication model
Carrel Hovland and his colleagues communication model.
depends upon three sets of factors

.

1-      Factors related to the communication process: العناصر المرتبطة بالعملية الاتصالية
These factors include the three main key factors in the communication process which are:

A) Factors related to the source:
Source specialization.  تخصص المرسل
Source credibility. مصداقيته
Source status. ومكانته في المجتمع المحلي
Audience love to the source.    حب الجمهور له 

C- Factors related to the audience:

Personality factors

A) Overt Hostility: are considered very difficult to react to any form of persuasion
B) Social Withdrawal: are considered to be resistant
C) Richness of Fantasy: be more receptive to persuasive communication.
D) Self Esteem: low self esteem are more responsive to persuasive

E) Other directness:  They are likely to be influenced

F) Sex Differences: that women in impersonal matters are more perusable than men. 

 Interpersonal Skills for Effective Communicator  المهارات الشخصية للقائم بالأتصال

Public speaking متحدث جيد

Leadership & problem solving قادر علي حل المشاكل قائد 

Persuasion and motivation قادر علي الأقناع 

Clear messages يقدم رسالة واضحة 

Active listening قادر علي الأنصاءت 

Human consideration مراعاة مشاعر الآخرين

Barriers to Effective Communication  عوائق الاتصال الفعال 

· Language  اللغة

· Defense mechanism  المعني والتفسير للكلاتكنيكات الدفاع عن النفس 

· Meaning /Interpretation  المعاني والتفسير 

· Inconsistency with beliefs  عدم الاتساق مع المعتقدات 

· Education barrier  عوائق التعليم + مستوى التعليم 

· Status barrier  المكانة الاجتماعية 

· Lack of trust  فقدان الثقة

مع تحيات فريق عمل مدونة مستر إعلام